Fragile Masculinity (a.k.a. Precarious Manhood) is an academic theory about the nature of “masculinity” in patriarchal societies. […]

Masculinity isn’t an innate aspect of a person in this conception; it’s a status or identity conferred on certain people (i.e., people who look like “men”) by their culture or community.

Your culture gave you masculinity, and it can take it away. Easily. “Fragile Masculinity” means that masculinity, as a concept or identity or social status is hard to achieve and easy to lose. It’s fragile, get it?

Femininity or Womanhood, by contrast, is not thought to work the same way, usually. The theory isn’t really about women, but writers/theorists comment on the contrast, sometimes: Women in patriarchal societies aren’t potential people in charge, or even particularly agentive; they’re resources to be utilized. Those resources need to be available at any time, and how they feel about that, or what they’ve done in their lives to be good resources are less important than mere existence and availability. Women become women, generally, just by growing up and having the “right” biological bits. Even bad women are still women. Even women declared good for nothing but sexual or domestic use are still women. By contrast, men become men (i.e. masculine) by doing the right things, and not doing the wrong ones, and they stay masculine the same way. Masculinity can be lost easily.

How do you lose masculinity? You fuck up. You fail to do the things the culture thinks men should do. You fail to retaliate when another man insults you. Or compliments your girlfriend. Or makes out with your wife. You fail to commit the situation-specific violence your society requires of men. You fail to dominate others—especially men—in social interactions. You get dominated–much worse if by a woman. You show insufficient physical strength, or (worse) you show fear of being hurt. […]

Or you do things the culture says men should not do: you listen to your [girlfriend] or wife’s thoughts a little too much. You play a sissy sport or no sport at all. You hang with gay people. You are gay people. You are (or seem to be) trans—and yes, the system seems to be rigged so that both [male-to-female] and [female-to-male] trans people will generally be seen as insufficiently manly. […]

You don’t become a man just because you get physically older; you have to do things, and you have to not do other things. Otherwise, you’re not a man, not really.

And every damn day there will be at least one (and maybe a hundred) tests of your manhood. If you fail to meet any one of them, your “man” status can be damaged or revoked.

Why is that so bad? Because non-men have no place in patriarchal society. Men have a place, weak-ass men sort of have a place, women have a place (most of them, most of the time); non-men do not have a place. Non-men do not receive or deserve anyone’s respect or even kindness. Non-men are homo sacer. Hurting them is a great pastime because it both harms someone who should should be ashamed to exist and gives you status points with your buddies (this includes both men and women). “Hurt the outsider” is one of the most reliable methods for bonding with your tribal group. It’s even better if the outsider is a traitor, someone who used to be one of you. Outsiders can be hurt because they’re outsiders. Traitors should be hurt because they have committed one of the worst possible moral wrongs: they were good group members and then they chose to not be. It’s disloyalty to the group. Non-men are traitors so fuck ’em up.

What is a man to do who has been declared “non-man”, or just lost some of his man status, or is just worried he might? Maybe he gets the most manly job ever: cop, soldier, WWE wrestler. Maybe he makes sure to commit some extra amounts of culture-sanctioned violence or domination. Maybe he kills himself. […]

Fragile Masculinity is not a description of some men’s insecurities or overcompensation (though it’s not totally separate from that). It’s a sociological/critical theory about the concept of masculinity itself, and how it works within patriarchal cultures. Masculinity in such a culture is fragile. It’s hard to achieve and easy to lose. That has a lot of really bad consequences.